Sources and licences

Approbot uses these sources, each credited as its licence asks.

Natural Earth: Admin 1 – States, Provinces

By: Natural Earth

The states' outlines in the state comparison map.

Changes: Simplified and drawn as SVG paths.

Source · Public domain

Kommunikation im medizinischen Alltag. Ein Leitfaden für die Praxis

By: Schweizerische Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften (SAMW)

Conversation techniques and wordings from which Redemittel for medical conversations were developed.

Changes: Single wordings taken, adapted to German standard usage (ß, Krankenhaus for Spital) and translated.

Source · Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

PTB-XL, a large publicly available electrocardiography dataset (version 1.0.3)

By: Patrick Wagner, Nils Strodthoff, Ralf-Dieter Bousseljot, Wojciech Samek, Tobias Schaeffter; PhysioNet

Recorded 12-lead ECGs in the Knowledge Test's image and ECG bank, each with its source beneath it.

Changes: Averaged from 500 to 250 samples a second and drawn on ECG paper; the recording date, age and identifiers left out.

Source · Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Wikimedia Commons

By: The authors named beside each image

X-rays, CT and MRI slices, ultrasound images, clinical photographs, fundus photographs, blood smears and ECGs in the Knowledge Test's image and ECG bank. Beneath each image are its author, its licence and its page on Wikimedia Commons; images under CC BY-SA stay under that licence, those in the public domain are marked so.

Changes: Cropped or scaled down where the image needed it, and saved again without metadata; what was changed in an image is said beneath it.

Case reports under CC BY, from PubMed Central's open-access data

By: The authors named beside each panel, report and image

Lab panels, written findings and images (ECG, X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound, fundus, clinical photographs) from published case reports, most of them in German, in the Knowledge Test's image and ECG bank. Beneath each are its authors, the licence and the article as its journal cites it.

Changes: Lab values unchanged from the articles' tables, a selection of the rows; findings as a passage of the text; images cropped or scaled down and saved again without metadata. What was changed is said beneath each.

Source · Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) · Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0)

Röntgenbefunde nach Frakturen der distalen Fibula (Medizinische Hochschule Hannover)

By: Cornelia L. A. Dewald, Alina Balandis, Lena S. Becker, Jan B. Hinrichs, Christian von Falck, Frank K. Wacker, Hans Laser, Svetlana Gerbel, Hinrich B. Winther, Johanna Apfel-Starke

Real, de-identified ankle X-ray reports as written findings in the Knowledge Test's image and ECG bank.

Changes: The examination dates removed; the reporting system's line marks shown as line breaks.

Source · Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Notices

Goethe-Zertifikat, telc and ÖSD are trademarks of their owners. Approbot uses the names only to describe the exam formats it prepares for; it has no connection with these exam providers, and its practice tasks are its own, not original exam tasks.

Words, technical terms and set phrases of the German language are free to use; the texts, dialogues, tasks and explanations in Approbot are its own unless a source above says otherwise.